Quality of life and factors associated among public university employees retired due to disabilities / Qualidade de vida e fatores associados entre servidores aposentados por invalidez de universidades públicas / Calidad de vida y factores asociados de empleados jubilados por invalidez de universidades públicas

Abstract Objective: to analyze quality of life and factors associated among public university employees retired due to disabilities. Method: a cross-sectional study conducted with a sample of public university employees retired due to disabilities. A characterization questionnaire and the World Health Organization Quality of Life - Disabilities instrument were applied via telephone or online contacts from November 2019 to September 2020. The associated factors were verified through multiple linear regression. Results: of the 80 retirees due to disability, 15% were professors and 85% had a technical-administrative career. As for the factors associated with Quality of Life, continuous medication use (βadj: -0.25; p=0.02) and problems in the nervous system (βadj: -0.21; p<0.05) were associated with the Overall domain; continuous medication use (βadj: -0.23; p=0.04), to the Physical domain; smoking (βadj: -0.21; p<0.05) and mental and behavioral disorders (βadj: -0.21; p<0.01), to the Psychological domain; smoking (βadj: -0.46; p<0.01) and respiratory (βadj: -0.21; p=0.03) and circulatory (βadj: -0.21; p=0.03) problems, to the Social domain; smoking (βadj: -0.33; p<0.01) and problems in the nervous system (βadj: -0.22; p=0.04), to the Environmental domain; mental and behavioral disorders, to the Disabilities module (βadj: -0.29; p<0.01) and to the Discrimination domain (βadj: -0.21; p<0.05); and smoking (βadj: -0.32; p<0.01) and problems in the nervous system (βadj: -0.20; p<0.05), to the Inclusion domain. The Autonomy domain did not present any association. Conclusion: the retirees under study presented impaired Quality of Life.

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a qualidade de vida e os fatores associados entre servidores de universidades públicas aposentados por invalidez. Método: estudo transversal, com amostra de servidores aposentados por invalidez de universidades públicas. Um questionário de caracterização e o World Health Organization Quality of Life - Disabilities foram aplicados por contato telefônico ou online no período de novembro de 2019 a setembro de 2020. Verificaram-se os fatores associados por regressão linear múltipla. Resultados: dos 80 aposentados por invalidez, 15% eram docentes e 85% da carreira técnica-administrativa. Quanto aos fatores associados à qualidade de vida, o uso de medicação contínua (βaj: -0,25; p=0,02) e os problemas do sistema nervoso (βaj: -0,21; p<0,05) associaram-se ao domínio Overall; o uso de medicação contínua (βaj: -0,23; p=0,04) ao domínio físico; o tabagismo (βaj: -0,21; p<0,05) e os transtornos mentais e comportamentais (βaj: -0,21; p<0,01) ao domínio psicológico; o tabagismo (βaj: -0,46; p<0,01), os problemas respiratórios (βaj: -0,21; p=0,03) e circulatórios (βaj: -0,21; p=0,03) ao domínio social; o tabagismo (βaj: -0,33; p<0,01) e os problemas do sistema nervoso (βaj: -0,22; p=0,04) ao domínio ambiental; os transtornos mentais e comportamentais ao módulo incapacidades (βaj: -0,29; p<0,01) e ao domínio discriminação (βaj: -0,21; p<0,05); o tabagismo (βaj: -0,32; p<0,01) e os problemas do sistema nervoso (βaj: -0,20; p<0,05) ao domínio inclusão. O domínio autonomia não apresentou associação. Conclusão: os aposentados estudados apresentaram uma qualidade de vida prejudicada.

Resumen Objetivo: analizar la calidad de vida y los factores asociados de empleados de universidades públicas jubilados por invalidez. Método: estudio transversal, con una muestra de trabajadores jubilados por invalidez de universidades públicas. Se aplicó un cuestionario de caracterización y el World Health Organization Quality of Life - Disabilities mediante contacto telefónico u online desde noviembre de 2019 hasta septiembre de 2020. Los factores asociados se verificaron mediante regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados: de los 80 jubilados por invalidez, el 15% era docente y el 85% era técnico-administrativo. En cuanto a los factores asociados a la calidad de vida, el uso continuo de medicamentos (βaj: -0,25; p=0,02) y los problemas del sistema nervioso (βaj: -0,21; p<0,05) se asociaron al dominio overall; el uso continuo de medicamentos (βaj: -0,23; p=0,04) el dominio físico; el tabaquismo (βaj: -0,21; p<0,05) y los trastornos mentales y conductuales (βaj: -0,21; p<0,01) al dominio psicológico; el tabaquismo (βaj: -0,46; p<0,01), los problemas respiratorios (βaj: -0,21; p=0,03) y circulatorios (βaj:-0,21;p=0,03) al dominio social; el tabaquismo (βaj: -0,33; p<0,01) y los problemas del sistema nervioso (βaj: -0,22; p=0,04) al dominio ambiental; los trastornos mentales y conductuales al módulo discapacidad (βaj: -0,29; p<0,01) y al dominio discriminación (βaj: -0,21; p<0,05); el tabaquismo (βaj: -0,32; p<0,01) y los problemas del sistema nervioso (βaj: -0,20; p<0,05) al dominio inclusión. El dominio autonomía no mostró asociación. Conclusión: la calidad de vida de los jubilados por invalidez que participaron del estudio estaba deteriorada.

Reflexión sobre la equidad del sistema de calificación médica para invalidez en Chile / Reflection on the equity of the disability qualification system in Chile

The Disability Qualification System in Chile and its regulations have inequities as they are applied in a general way and do not consider the peculiar characteristics of vulnerable populations. These people, who are mostly unprotected, have less access to health care levels and receive a lower quality of services. The authors, using a clinical case, we analyze the three main obstacles to obtain a disability pensión. A change in applicants' evaluation, considering a broader range of information on the process, a greater symmetry in the evaluated parameters, including biopsychosocial aspects and a better interrelation between Health Services and the Evaluation System would narrow the existing gap between vulnerable and non-vulnerable populations.

Costs of diabetes complications: hospital-based care and absence from work for 392,200 people with type 2 diabetes and matched control participants in Sweden.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The risk of complications and medical consequences of type 2 diabetes are well known. Hospital costs have been identified as a key driver of total costs in studies of the economic burden of type 2 diabetes. Less evidence has been generated on the impact of individual diabetic complications on the overall societal burden. The objective of this study was to analyse costs of hospital-based healthcare (inpatient and outpatient care) and work absence related to individual macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes in Sweden in 2016. METHODS: Data for 2016 were retrieved from a Swedish national retrospective observational database cross-linking individual-level data for 1997-2016. The database contained information from population-based health, social insurance and socioeconomic registers for 392,200 people with type 2 diabetes and matched control participants (5:1). Presence of type 2 diabetes and of diabetes complications were derived using all years, 1997-2016. Costs of hospital-based care and of absence from work due to diabetes complications were estimated for the year 2016. Regression analysis was used for comparison with control participants to attribute absence from work to individual complications, and to account for joint presence of complications. RESULTS: Use of hospital care for complications was higher in type 2 diabetes compared with control participants in 2016: 26% vs 12% had ≥1 hospital contact; there were 86,104 vs 24,608 outpatient visits per 100,000 people; and there were 9894 vs 2546 inpatient admissions per 100,000 people (all p < 0.001). The corresponding total costs of hospital-based care for complications were €919 vs €232 per person (p < 0.001), and 74.7% of costs were then directly attributed to diabetes (€687 per person). Regression analyses distributed the costs of days absent from work across diabetes complications per se, basic type 2 diabetes effect and unattributed causes. Diabetes complications amounted to €1317 per person in 2016, accounting for possible complex interactions (25% of total costs of days absent). Key drivers of costs were the macrovascular complications angina pectoris, heart failure and stroke; and the microvascular complications eye diseases, including retinopathy, kidney disease and neuropathy. Early mortality in working ages cost an additional €579 per person and medications used in risk-factor treatment amounted to €418 per person. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The economic burden of complications in type 2 diabetes is substantial. Costs of absence from work in this study were found to be greater than of hospital-based care, highlighting the need for considering treatment consequences in a societal perspective in research and policy. Graphical abstract.

Supplemental Security Income enrollment and health care and social assistance employment and wages.

We examine the relationship between disabled working-age Supplemental Security Income (SSI) enrollment and health care and social assistance employment and wages. County-level data are gathered from government and other publicly available sources for 3144 US counties (2012 to 2015). Population-weighted linear regression analyses examine associations between each health care and social assistance employment and wage measure and SSI enrollment, controlling for factors associated with health care and social assistance employment and wages. Results show positive associations between county-level percent of the population enrolled in the SSI program and health care and social assistance employment and wages with strong associations identified for social assistance employment. A one standard deviation increase in SSI enrollment is associated with a 5.6% increase in the health care and social assistance sector employment percent compared with the mean and 9.7% and 7.3% increases in health care and social assistance sector employment and wage shares, respectively, when compared with the means. We find working-age adult SSI enrollment is positively associated with employment outcomes, primarily in the social assistance organization subsector and in lower wage paying jobs. Evolving federal disability policy may influence existing and future SSI enrollment, which has implications for health care workforce employment and composition.

Caracterización de factores relacionados con la reclamación y aprobación de pensiones de invalidez por enfermedad común en población trabajadora colombiana entre 2006-2011 / Characterization of factors related to the application for and approval of pensions due to common diseases among the Colombian working population, 2006-2011

RESUMEN Introducción: mientras la discapacidad afecta hasta el 12 % de la población de un país según fuentes oficiales en Colombia, a pesar del sub registro, tendrá un comportamiento creciente en los próximos años. Las Administradoras de Fondos de Pensiones (AFP) están encargadas del manejo eficiente del fondo para el riesgo pensional en Colombia. Objetivo: caracterizar la reclamación de pensiones de invalidez por enfermedad común y los principales factores relacionados con su aprobación entre 2006 y 2011 en una AFP colombiana. Materiales y métodos: la fuente secundaria de la información fue la AFP a través del Manual Único para la Calificación de Invalidez. Estudio descriptivo y exploratorio inferencial de factores relacionados con los desenlaces de invalidez, y aprobación de la solicitud pensional. Resultados: ser declarado inválido estuvo asociado con ser hombre, el máximo nivel de estudio, y la deficiencia dada por las causales de solicitud: enfermedades poco prevalentes pero muy incapacitantes. Tener soporte social disminuye la probabilidad de ser declarado inválido. Discusión y conclusión: los factores aquí relacionados con la invalidez acorde con otros estudios deben considerarse en la formulación de políticas públicas que puedan impactar en la prevención de este desenlace y el bienestar de la población trabajadora.

SUMMARY Introduction: According to official sources, disability affects up to 12 % of a country's population. In Colombia, however, this percentage will continue to increase in the coming years regardless of the existing under-recording. Additionally, Pension fund administrators (PFAs) are in charge of efficiently managing the pension risk fund in Colombia. Objective: To characterize disability pension applications due to common diseases along with the main factors regarding their approval between 2006 and 2011 in a Colombian PFA. Materials and Methods: The PFA's Unique Manual for Disability Assessment was used as a secondary source of information. This was a descriptive study with an inferential exploration of the factors concerning two outcomes: disability and application approval. Results: Being declared as a disabled person was associated with being male, having the highest schooling level, and the impairment motivating the application: diseases that have low prevalence but are very disabling. Having social support decreased the probability of being declared disabled. Discussion and conclusion: The factors related to disability, which are consistent with those reported by other studies, should be considered when proposing public policies, which may have an impact on the prevention of this outcome and the well-being of the working population.

Benefícios por doenças cardiovasculares na cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, no quinquênio 2011­2015 / Benefits granted due to cardiovascular disease in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, 2011­2015

Introdução: Os benefícios previdenciários refletem o impacto socioeconômico gerado pela incapacidade ao trabalho por motivo de doença. As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) são as principais causas de mortalidade e morbidade no mundo. Objetivo: Avaliar, clínica e economicamente, os benefícios previdenciários concedidos por DCVs no Recife, Pernambuco, no quinquênio 2011­2015. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, de corte transversal, com coleta de informações e análise dos benefícios por incapacidade pelas DCVs na gerência executiva do Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social no Recife, por intermédio do Sistema Único de Informações de Benefícios. Resultados: No quinquênio 2011­2015 foram concedidos 186.058 benefícios. Destes, 8.968 (4,8%) foram por DCVs, entre os quais 6.049 (67,5%) foram selecionados por serem as doenças mais frequentes. Dos beneficiários, 78% são masculinos e 63,8% estavam na faixa etária entre 45 e 59 anos. O acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) e a insuficiência cardíaca (IC) foram responsáveis pela maior duração de afastamento ao trabalho (entre 135 e 138 dias) e pelo maior valor do benefício (próximo de R$ 3.900 mensais). Conclusão: Embora a hipertensão arterial sistêmica não acarrete um afastamento tão longo e não seja tão dispendiosa, ela deveria ser prevenida, por ser causa importante de AVE e IC, duas das principais DCVs responsáveis por maior custo e número de dias de absenteísmo. A melhoria da qualidade de vida da população visa à atenuação do impacto na Previdência Social, no mundo do trabalho e na sociedade como um todo.

Background: Social security benefits reflect the socioeconomic impact of work incapacity by disease. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of mortality and mortality worldwide. Objective: To evaluate benefits granted due to CVD in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, from 2011 to 2015, from the clinical and economic perspective. Methods: Cross-sectional and descriptive study which collected and analyzed data on benefits granted for disability caused by CVD by the executive management of the National Social Security Institute in Recife, via the Unified System of Information on Benefits. Results: 186,058 benefits were granted from 2011 to 2015, 8,968 (4.8%) corresponded to CVD, of which 6,049 (67.5%) were selected for analysis because they corresponded to the most frequent diseases. About 78% of the beneficiaries were male and 63.8% were within age range 45 to 59 years old. Stroke and heart failure (HF) accounted for the longest sick leaves (133 to 138 days) and highest benefit amounts (about BRL 3,900.00 per month). Conclusion: While hypertension does not result in as long leaves and costs, it should be prevented for being a significant cause of stroke and HF, both of which account for longer sick leaves and higher social security costs. Improving the quality of life of the population seeks to reduce their impacts on the social security system, the world of work and society at large

Benefits granted due to cardiovascular disease in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, 2011-2015.

BACKGROUND: Social security benefits reflect the socioeconomic impact of work incapacity by disease. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of mortality and mortality worldwide. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate benefits granted due to CVD in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, from 2011 to 2015, from the clinical and economic perspective. METHODS: Cross-sectional and descriptive study which collected and analyzed data on benefits granted for disability caused by CVD by the executive management of the National Social Security Institute in Recife, via the Unified System of Information on Benefits. RESULTS: 186,058 benefits were granted from 2011 to 2015, 8,968 (4.8%) corresponded to CVD, of which 6,049 (67.5%) were selected for analysis because they corresponded to the most frequent diseases. About 78% of the beneficiaries were male and 63.8% were within age range 45 to 59 years old. Stroke and heart failure (HF) accounted for the longest sick leaves (133 to 138 days) and highest benefit amounts (about BRL 3,900.00 per month). CONCLUSION: While hypertension does not result in as long leaves and costs, it should be prevented for being a significant cause of stroke and HF, both of which account for longer sick leaves and higher social security costs. Improving the quality of life of the population seeks to reduce their impacts on the social security system, the world of work and society at large.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os benefícios previdenciários refletem o impacto socioeconômico gerado pela incapacidade ao trabalho por motivo de doença. As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) são as principais causas de mortalidade e morbidade no mundo. OBJETIVO: Avaliar, clínica e economicamente, os benefícios previdenciários concedidos por DCVs no Recife, Pernambuco, no quinquênio 2011-2015. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo, de corte transversal, com coleta de informações e análise dos benefícios por incapacidade pelas DCVs na gerência executiva do Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social no Recife, por intermédio do Sistema Único de Informações de Benefícios. RESULTADOS: No quinquênio 2011-2015 foram concedidos 186.058 benefícios. Destes, 8.968 (4,8%) foram por DCVs, entre os quais 6.049 (67,5%) foram selecionados por serem as doenças mais frequentes. Dos beneficiários, 78% são masculinos e 63,8% estavam na faixa etária entre 45 e 59 anos. O acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) e a insuficiência cardíaca (IC) foram responsáveis pela maior duração de afastamento ao trabalho (entre 135 e 138 dias) e pelo maior valor do benefício (próximo de R$ 3.900 mensais). CONCLUSÃO: Embora a hipertensão arterial sistêmica não acarrete um afastamento tão longo e não seja tão dispendiosa, ela deveria ser prevenida, por ser causa importante de AVE e IC, duas das principais DCVs responsáveis por maior custo e número de dias de absenteísmo. A melhoria da qualidade de vida da população visa à atenuação do impacto na Previdência Social, no mundo do trabalho e na sociedade como um todo.

Motivational Interviewing Improves Sustainable Return to Work in Injured Workers After Rehabilitation: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether motivational interviewing (MI) leads to more sustainable return-to-work outcomes for injured workers undergoing rehabilitation. DESIGN: Cluster randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Workers' compensation rehabilitation facility. PARTICIPANTS: Claimants (N=728) undergoing rehabilitation for musculoskeletal conditions, who were predominantly employed (529, 72.7%) men (460, 63.2%) with chronic conditions (mean duration, 234d). INTERVENTIONS: MI is a goal-oriented, client-centered counseling approach that facilitates behavioral change through identifying and resolving ambivalence. Treating clinicians at the facility were randomized into 2 groups. One group included 6 clinicians who were trained to conduct MI interventions during rehabilitation, while the control group included 6 clinicians who continued standard procedures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcomes included compensation outcomes over 1 year after discharge. This included reception of disability benefits and recurrence rates. Analysis was stratified by admission employment status and included chi-square test, t test, and multivariable regression. RESULTS: Participants included 728 claimants, of whom 367 (50.4%) were treated with MI. Unemployed claimants in the MI group received significantly more partial temporary disability benefits (mean, 8.2d vs 0.2d; P=.02), indicating return to modified work duties. Employed claimants in the control group had a higher recurrence rate (9.1% vs 4.5%; P=.04). The adjusted odds ratio for benefit recurrence was 2.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.1-6.5) after controlling for age, sex, and number of previous claims. CONCLUSIONS: Use of MI appears to lead to more sustainable return to work after rehabilitation and facilitates transition to modified work duties.

Limitations to Work-Related Functioning of People with Persistent "Medically Unexplained" Physical Symptoms: A Modified Delphi Study Among Physicians.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to obtain consensus among physicians of several medical specialties on the level of limitations to work-related functioning of people with persistent "medically unexplained" physical symptoms (PPS). Methods A modified Delphi study was conducted with 15 physicians of five different medical specialties. The study involved two email rounds and one meeting. In each round, the physicians prioritized the level of limitations in 78 work-related functioning items for four different PPS cases. These items were based on the Dutch Functional Ability List, national guidelines and scientific literature regarding the International Classification of Functioning. Results In all four cases, the physicians reached consensus on the level of limitations to work-related functioning in 49 items. The physicians reported the highest number and level of limitations for PPS of the back and lower extremities, but they reported hardly any limitations for PPS of the abdomen and genitals. For PPS of the head, they reported mainly limitations to personal and social functioning; for PPS of the neck, back and upper or lower extremities, they reported mainly limitations to dynamic movements and static postures. The physicians could not reach consensus on limitations in the category of working hours. Conclusion Physicians reached consensus on the level of limitations in a substantial part of work-related functioning items for PPS. There was a difference in the number and severity of limitations between different cases of PPS. The assessment of functioning seems to be based more on the specific impairment than on the disease.

Word Memory Test Predicts Recovery in Claimants With Work-Related Head Injury.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive validity of the Word Memory Test (WMT), a verbal memory neuropsychological test developed as a performance validity measure to assess memory, effort, and performance consistency. DESIGN: Cohort study with 1-year follow-up. SETTING: Workers' compensation rehabilitation facility. PARTICIPANTS: Participants included workers' compensation claimants with work-related head injury (N=188; mean age, 44y; 161 men [85.6%]). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcome measures for determining predictive validity included days to suspension of wage replacement benefits during the 1-year follow-up and work status at discharge in claimants undergoing rehabilitation. Analysis included multivariable Cox and logistic regression. RESULTS: Better WMT performance was significantly but weakly correlated with younger age (r=-.30), documented brain abnormality (r=.28), and loss of consciousness at the time of injury (r=.25). Claimants with documented brain abnormalities on diagnostic imaging scans performed better (∼9%) on the WMT than those without brain abnormalities. The WMT predicted days receiving benefits (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.24) and work status outcome at program discharge (adjusted odds ratio, 1.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-2.34). CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence for the predictive validity of the WMT in workers' compensation claimants. Younger claimants and those with more severe brain injuries performed better on the WMT. It may be that financial incentives or other factors related to the compensation claim affected the performance.

Benefícios previdenciários dos indivíduos acometidos por hanseníase no município de Vitória da Conquista, BA: sujeitos, direitos e trajetórias

Apesar dos avanços no combate a hanseníase, as dificuldades em erradicar a doença persiste no cenário brasileiro. Parte da população ainda é carente de informações acerca deste agravo, o que leva a procurar os serviços de saúde tardiamente. Associado a isso, o diagnóstico e o tratamento tardio repercutem em incapacidades físicas graves. Tais incapacidades impactam significativamente na vida do indivíduo, sobretudo, no trabalho. A inabilidade ao trabalho predispõe a busca por benefícios previdenciários. Tratando-se de uma doença marcada pela violação de direitos humanos desde o isolamento compulsório até os dias de hoje, a discussão referente a proteção dos direitos previdenciários dos indivíduos acometidos, se mostra relevante. O estudo analisou a garantia dos direitos previdenciários e a trajetória na defesa desses direitos por indivíduos acometidos por hanseníase no município de Vitória da Conquista (BA), por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa de delineamento exploratório. Toda a discussão levantada pelo estudo foi centrada na narrativa de vinte sujeitos que descreveram a trajetória em busca da garantia do direito previdenciário. Diante das ponderações verificadas no estudo, conclui-se que embora muitos indivíduos acometidos pela doença não tenham registrado dificuldades em conseguir o benefício previdenciário, para muitos dos sujeitos, essa trajetória foi marcada por adversidades.

Despite of advances in the fight against Hansens disease, persists in the Brazilian scene the difficulties in eradicating the disease. Part of population is still lacking information about this injury, which leads them to seek health services late. Associated with this, diagnosis and late treatment reverberate in severe physical disabilities. Such disabilities impact significantly on the individuals life, especially at work. The inability to work predisposes the search for social security benefits. Treating of a disease marked by violations of human rights, since from the compulsory isolation until the present days, the discussion regarding to protection of pension rights of affected individuals, it’s shown relevant. The study examined the warranty of pension rights and the trajectory in defense these rights for individuals affected by leprosy in the Vitoria da Conquista Town (Bahia, Brasil), through a qualitative research of exploratory design. The whole discussion raised by the study was focused on the narrative of twenty subjects who described the journey in search of the guarantee the social security law. On the weights observed in the study, it was concluded that although many individuals affected by the disease have not registered difficulties in achieving social security benefit, for many others subjects, this trend has been marked by adversity.

Aposentadorias por invalidez e Doenças Crônicas entre os servidores da Prefeitura Municipal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 1990-2009 / Retirement for disability and chronic diseases among workers at the Municipality of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 1990-2009

OBJETIVO: Descrever as causas de aposentadoria por incapacidade permanente entre servidores municipais de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, e associar com fatores sociodemográficos. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um levantamento epidemiológico no período de janeiro de 1990 a dezembro de 2009, utilizando dados secundários sobre os servidores da Prefeitura Municipal de Uberlândia. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliadas 403 aposentadorias. Em 46% delas os indivíduos tinham idade inferior a 50 anos. A maioria (96%) se aposentou devido à doença. Os transtornos mentais e comportamentais (22,6%) e as doenças do sistema osteomuscular (23,6%) foram os mais frequentes quando o motivo da aposentadoria foi determinado por causa única ou por causa múltipla, respectivamente. Os indivíduos do gênero masculino se aposentaram mais velhos e com maior contribuição de tempo de serviço. Mesmo assim, o tempo perdido de produtividade foi maior neste gênero. CONCLUSÃO: o estudo revelou o impacto negativo das doenças crônicas em uma população em idade produtiva, com alta percentagem de aposentadorias precoces. Políticas públicas no âmbito ocupacional com o objetivo de promoção, prevenção e reabilitação dos trabalhadores constituem em ações imperativas para a reversão deste quadro. .

OBJECTIVE: To describe the causes of retirement for permanent disability among workers at the Municipality of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, associating them with sociodemographic factors. METHODS: An epidemiological survey was conducted from January 1990 to December 2009, using data on the employees of the municipality of Uberlândia. RESULTS: Were evaluated 403 retirements. In 46% of these individuals were younger than 50 years. Most (96%) retired due to illness. Mental and behavioral disorders (22.6%) and diseases of the musculoskeletal system (23.6%) were the most frequent reason of retirement when it was determined because single or multiple causes, respectively. The male individuals retired older and with more service time contribution. Still, the time lost productivity was higher in this genre. CONCLUSION: The study revealed the negative impact of non-communicable chronic diseases in a population of working age, with a high percentage of early retirements. Public policies in the occupational context with the objective of promotion, prevention and rehabilitation of workers constitute mandatory actions to reverse this situation. .

Effect of mental health on long-term disability after a road traffic crash: results from the UQ SuPPORT study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between mental health and disability after a road traffic crash (RTC) up to 24 months for claimants with predominantly minor injuries in an Australian sample. DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study with survey and telephone interview data collected at approximately 6, 12, and 24 months post-RTC. SETTING: Not applicable. PARTICIPANTS: Claimants (N=382) within a common-law, fault-based compulsory third-party motor accident insurance scheme in Queensland, Australia, consented to participate when invited and were approached at each wave. Retention was high (65%) at 2-year follow-up. Disability scores from at least 1 wave were known for 363 participants, with the mean age of participants being 48.4 years and 62% being women. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Self-reported disability (via the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2). RESULTS: Participants reported higher disability (mean, 10.9±9.3) compared with the Australian norms (mean, 3.1±5.3). A multilevel regression analysis found that predictors of disability included present diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, or depression, mental health history, perceived threat to life, and pain. PTSD moderated the relation between age and disability such that older age predicted higher disability in the PTSD group only, whereas anxiety moderated the relation between expectation to return to work and disability such that those with low expectations and anxiety reported significantly higher disability. CONCLUSIONS: Claimants with predominantly minor physical injuries report high disability, particularly when comorbid psychiatric disorders are present, pain is high, and expectations regarding return to work are low. Developing tools for detecting those at risk of poor recovery after an RTC is necessary for informing policy and practice in injury management and postinjury rehabilitation.

Are performance-based functional assessments superior to semistructured interviews for enhancing return-to-work outcomes?

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether use of functional capacity evaluation (FCE) leads to better outcomes for injured workers. DESIGN: Cluster randomized controlled trial conducted with analysis at level of claimant. SETTING: Rehabilitation facility. PARTICIPANTS: Participants included claimants (N=203); of these, 103 were tested with FCE. Data were collected on all claimants undergoing RTW assessment at the facility for musculoskeletal conditions. Participants were predominantly employed (59%) men (73%) with chronic musculoskeletal conditions (median duration, 496d). INTERVENTIONS: FCEs are commonly used to identify work abilities and inform return-to-work (RTW) decisions. Therefore, FCE results have important consequences. Clinicians who were trained and experienced in performing FCEs were randomized into 2 groups. One group included 14 clinicians who were trained to conduct a semistructured functional interview; the other group (control group) continued to use standard FCE procedures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcomes included RTW recommendations after assessment, functional work level at time of assessment and 1, 3, and 6 months after assessment, and compensation outcomes. Analysis included Mann-Whitney U, chi-square, and t tests. RESULTS: All outcomes were similar between groups, and no statistically or clinically significant differences were observed. Mean differences between groups on functional work levels at assessment and follow-up ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 out of 4 (3%-8% difference, P>.05). CONCLUSIONS: Performance-based FCEs did not appear to enhance RTW outcomes beyond information gained from semistructured functional interviewing. Use of functional interviewing has the potential to improve efficiency of RTW assessment without compromising clinical, RTW, or compensation outcomes.

Fatores associados à duração dos benefícios por incapacidade: um estudo de coorte / Factors associated with duration of disability benefits: a cohort study

OBJETIVO: Analisar fatores associados à duração dos benefícios por incapacidade por doenças musculoesqueléticas na região cervical e/ou em membros superiores relacionadas ao trabalho. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte ambispectivo com 563 trabalhadores segurados do Regime Geral da Previdência Social que receberam benefício por incapacidade temporária por doenças musculoesqueléticas da região cervical e membros superiores relacionadas ao trabalho em Salvador, BA, em 2008. Os dados provieram de um inquérito conduzido pela Auditoria Regional do Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social e de registros administrativos. Foram analisadas variáveis sociodemográficas, relacionadas ao trabalho, características do agravo e aspectos relacionados ao seguro social. Os fatores associados ao tempo até a cessação do benefício foram identificados com técnicas de análise de sobrevida. RESULTADOS: Posição socioeconômica baixa (RR = 1,29; IC95% 1,02;1,64), idade abaixo de 39 anos (RR = 1,23; IC95% 1,03;1,47), reposição de renda pelo Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social < 100% (RR = 1,24; IC95% 1,04;1,47) e expectativa alta de retorno ao trabalho (RR = 1,20; IC95% 1,00;1,44) são as categorias relacionadas com maior taxa de cessação do benefício e sua menor duração. CONCLUSÕES: Fatores não estritamente médicos, como posição socioeconômica, idade, expectativa relativa ao retorno ao trabalho e nível de reposição de renda pelo Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social parecem influenciar a duração do benefício. Essas hipóteses deverão ser testadas posteriormente com estudos confirmatórios para aprimorar o entendimento do processo de determinação da incapacidade para o trabalho.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze factors associated with the duration of disability benefits due to work-related upper-limb musculoskeletal disorders. METHODS: Ambispective cohort study conducted with 563 insured workers from the General Social Security System who received temporary disability benefits due to work-related upper-limb musculoskeletal disorders in the city of Salvador, Northeastern Brazil, in 2008. The data came from an inquiry performed by the Regional Audit of the National Social Security Institute and from administrative records. Sociodemographic and work-related variables were analyzed, as well as characteristics of the health problem and aspects related to social security. Factors associated with time until the cessation of the benefit were identified through survival analysis techniques. RESULTS: Low socioeconomic position (RR=1.29; 95% CI 1.02; 1.64), age below 39 years (RR=1.23; 95% CI 1.03; 1.47), income replacement by the National Social Security Institute < 100% (RR=1.24; 95% CI 1.04; 1.47) and high expectation of returning to work (RR=1.20; 95% CI 1.00; 1.44) are the categories related to higher rate of cessation of the benefit and with its shorter duration. CONCLUSIONS: Factors that are not strictly medical, like socioeconomic position, age, expectation of returning to work and level of income replacement by the National Social Security Institute, seem to influence the benefit's duration. These hypotheses need to be tested with further confirmatory studies in order to improve the understanding of the process of determining incapacity for work.

Invalidez por dor nas costas entre segurados da Previdência Social do Brasil / Disability pension from back pain among social security beneficiaries, Brazil / Invalidez por dolor en la espalda entre asegurados del Seguro Social de Brasil

OBJETIVO: Descrever as aposentadorias por invalidez decorrente de dor nas costas. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo com dados do Sistema Único de Informações de Benefícios e dos Anuários Estatísticos da Previdência Social em 2007. A taxa de incidência de dor nas costas como causa das aposentadorias por invalidez foi calculada segundo as variáveis idade e sexo, nos estados. Os dias de trabalho perdidos por invalidez decorrente de dor nas costas foram calculados segundo atividade profissional. RESULTADOS: A dor nas costas idiopática foi a primeira causa de invalidez entre as aposentadorias previdenciárias e acidentárias. A maioria dos beneficiários residia em área urbana e era comerciário. A taxa de incidência de dor nas costas como causa das aposentadorias por invalidez no Brasil foi de 29,96 por 100.000 contribuintes. Esse valor foi mais elevado entre os homens e entre as pessoas mais velhas. Rondônia exibiu taxa quatro vezes superior ao esperado (RT = 4,05) e a segunda maior taxa, referente à Bahia, foi de aproximadamente duas vezes o esperado (RT = 2,07). Os comerciários foram responsáveis por 96,9 por cento dos dias perdidos por invalidez. CONCLUSÕES: A dor nas costas foi uma importante causa de invalidez em 2007, sobretudo entre comerciários, com grandes diferenças entre os estados.

OBJECTIVE: To describe disability pension from back pain. METHODS: Descriptive study based on data from the Brazilian Social Security Beneficiary Database and the Social Security Statistics Annual Report in 2007. The incidence rate of disability pension from back pain was estimated according to gender and age by Brazilian states. There were also estimated working days lost due to back pain disability by occupation. RESULTS: Idiopathic back pain was the most common cause of disability among social security pension and accidental retirement. Most pensioners were living in urban areas and were commercial workers. The rate of disability pension from back pain in Brazil was 29.96 per 100,000 beneficiaries. A higher rate was seen among males and older individuals. Rondônia showed the highest rate, four times as high as expected (RR= 4.05) followed by Bahia with a rate about twice as high as expected (RR=2.07). Commercial workers accounted for 96.9 percent of working days lost due to disability. CONCLUSIONS: Back pain was a major cause of disability in 2007 mostly among commercial workers showing great differences between the Brazilian states.

OBJETIVO: Describir las jubilaciones por invalidez producto del dolor en la espalda. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo con datos del Sistema Único de Informaciones de Beneficios y de los Anuarios Estadísticos del Seguro Social en 2007. La tasa de incidencia de dolor en la espalda como causa de jubilaciones por invalidez fue calculada según las variables edad y sexo, por Unidades Federativas de Brasil. Los días de trabajo perdidos por invalidez producto del dolor en la espalda fueron calculados según actividad profesional. RESULTADOS: El dolor idiopático en la espalda fue la primera causa de invalidez entre las jubilaciones sociales y accidentales. La mayoría de los beneficiarios residía en área urbana y trabajaba en el comercio. La tasa de incidencia de dolor en la espalda como causa de las jubilaciones por invalidez en Brasil fue de 29,96 por 100.000 contribuyentes. Este valor fue más elevado entre los hombres y entre las personas más viejas. Rondonia (Norte de Brasil) exhibió una tasa mayor de cuatro veces lo esperado (RT=4,05) y la segunda mayor tasa, referente a Bahia (Noreste), fue de aproximadamente dos veces lo esperado (RT=2,07). Los trabajadores del comercio fueron responsables de 96,9 por ciento de los días perdidos por invalidez. CONCLUSIONES: El dolor de espalda fue una causa importante de invalidez en 2007, sobretodo entre los trabajadores del comercio, con grandes diferencias entre los estados.

Análise descritiva de exames periciais iniciais de segurados do Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social apresentando transtornos mentais / Initial medical assessment of the Brazilian National Institute of Social Security Insured with mental disorders: descriptive analysis

Em análise descritiva preliminar do perfil sócio-demográfico, clínico e previdenciário dos segurados do Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS) foram verificadas as variáveis relativas aos exames periciais iniciais concluídos entre julho/2004 e dezembro/2006. Os segurados passaram por exame pericial inicial em Juiz de Fora - MG, em decorrência do requerimento de Auxílio-doença, com diagnóstico principal de transtorno mental. As informações, contidas em banco de dados, foram fornecidas pela Empresa de Tecnologia e Informações da Previdência Social (Dataprev). Predominaram segurados do sexo feminino (66,8%) e residentes em Juiz de Fora (83,9%), com idade média de 44,3 anos. Registros inespecíficos sobre a atividade laborativa foram encontrados em 22,2% dos casos; quanto ao vínculo com o INSS, 41,2% dos segurados eram autônomos e 30,7% estavam desempregados; o tempo médio de filiação à Previdência foi de 14,4 anos e o de contribuição de 7,6 anos. Os diagnósticos mais frequentes foram de "transtornos menores do humor" (39,6%) e "transtornos de ansiedade" (34,5%); as comorbidades recorrentes foram psiquiátricas (33,6%); mudanças no diagnóstico do exame pericial inicial, em relação ao benefício anterior, aconteceram em mais de 50% dos registros. Foram considerados incapazes 63,8% dos segurados que, em média, estariam doentes há 1,9 anos e incapazes há 37,6 dias na data do requerimento; o tempo médio de afastamento foi de 307,8 dias e os benefícios renovados, em média, 2,6 vezes. Os resultados evidenciam possíveis falhas no trabalho dos Peritos, quanto ao adequado registro de dados clínicos e previdenciários. Sugerem ainda possíveis relações entre requerimentos de Auxílio-doença por transtornos mentais e local de residência, desemprego e informalidade do mercado de trabalho.

This is a preliminary analysis of the sociodemographic, clinical and social security profile of subjects requiring sickness-benefit, undergoing initial medical assessment, and receiving the diagnosis of a mental disorder as their main diagnosis, at the Brazilian National Institute of Social Security (INSS) in Juiz de Fora - MG, Brazil. A descriptive analysis of the variables concerning the initial medical assessment concluded between July, 2004 and December, 2006, and contained in the DATAPREV databank, was undertaken. Most were female (66.8%), had a mean age of 44.3 years, and lived in Juiz de Fora (83.9%). Non-specific records about the work activity were found in 22.2% of the cases; 41.2% of those insured were self-employed and 30.7% were unemployed; the mean affiliation and contribution times were 14.4 years and 7.6 years, respectively. The most frequent diagnoses were "minor mood disorders" (39.6%) and "anxiety disorders" (34.5%); the most frequent co-morbidities were psychiatric (33.6%); in more than 50% of the records there were changes in the diagnosis at the initial medical assessment in relation to the previous benefit granted. 63.8% were considered disabled (mean illness and disability times at benefit requirement of 1.9 years and 37.6 days, respectively); mean sick-leave amounted to 307.8 days; the benefits were renewed 2.6 times on average. The results showed a possible failure to correctly record clinical and social security data. There might be a correlation of sickness-benefit requirements due to mental disease with place of living, unemployment and informality in the labor market.